• To explain the current definition of “biometric recognition” and the distinctives of this form of “biometrics”
• To list currently available technologies and how they work at the algorithmic level
• To present a “system analysis” of the interaction of components in “real-world” applications.
• To define performance metrics and their limitations in describing practical systems
• To present independent test results and their value in performance prediction
• To outline current international standards in the field.
• To present several case studies of successful and unsuccessful applications of this technology, particular in large-scale environments.

James L. Wayman, PhD , has worked continuously in the field of automated human recognition since 1984. He is currently a contractor to the US, UK and AU governments, an IEEE Fellow and “Distinguished Lecturer”, a “core member” of the UK government’s “Biometric Working Group”, an IET Fellow, a Principal UK Expert (PUKE) on ISO/IEC JTC1 SC 37 international standards committee on biometrics, and the editor of both the ISO/IEC 19794-13 Voice Data Format and the ANSI/NIST Type-11 Voice Data Record. He is the Vice Chair of the US Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) subcommittee on Forensic and Investigative Speaker Recognition. He is co-editor of the Wayman, Jain, Maltoni and Maio, Biometric Systems: Technology, Design, and Performance Evaluation (Springer, London, 2005). He was director of the US National Biometric Test Center under the Clinton administration from 1997-2000 and was a member of the US National Academies of Science/National Research Council committees on “Authentication Technologies and their Implications for Privacy”, “Whither Biometrics” and Panel on Information Technology. He has been a paid biometrics advisor to 11 national governments.

Day 1

Introduction

• A very short history of biometrics
• Definitions
• Core concepts
• Taxonomy of applications
• System description
• Performance metrics

Day 2

Mathematical Underpinnings

• Vector spaces
• Distance measures and distributions
• Correlation and covariance matrices
• Eigen-Systems and principal component analysis
• Sampling theory
• Generalized Fourier Transform
• One- and two-dimensional filtering
• Neural nets and support vector machines
• Probability fundamentals
• The binomial distribution
• Doddington’s Rule of 30 and the Rule of 3
• Doddington’s Zoo
• Duhem-Quine Hypothesis and holistic testing
• Bayesian inversion of conditional probabilities (The elephant in the room)

Day 3

The Algorithms

• Voice
  – Detection/Segmentation
  – Mel-scale cepstrum
  – GMM
  – HMM
  – iVectors and beyond
• Face
  – Segmentation
  – Decomposition methods (eigenface, LFA, ICA)
  – Elastic Bunch Graphs
  – Local correlation techniques
  – ISO//IEC 19794-5
• Fingerprint methods
  – Optical
  – Transform
  – Correlation
  – Minutiae extraction
  – Collection, transmission, and storage standards
  – ISO/IEC 19794-2
• Iris
  – Daugman’s 1994 patent
  – Segmentation
  – Feature extraction
  – ISO/IEC 19794-6
• Other Modalities
  – Hand geometry
  – Retinal scanning
  – Heartbeat

Day 4

Performance Testing and Applications International Testing Standards (iSO/IEC 19795)

• NIST Test programs:
  – SRE
  – FpVTE
  – PTT
  – FRVT
  – MINEX
  – MBGC
  – MBE
  – IREX
  – Other NIST results
• Case Studies
• EasyPASS, SmartGate, and other border crossing systems
• Social Service Systems
• Vulnerability Assessment

Participants will:

• Understand how “biometrics” in the context of human identification differs from other forms of recognition technology
• Be able to state precisely what functions these systems perform.
• Be able to draw a system-level diagram for any biometric system and discuss its components.
• Know which technologies are currently available, which are now defunct and how the computer algorithms analyze and compare patterns
• Discuss performance metrics and their limitations in predicting “real-world” performance
• Be able to reference on-line independent government test results
• Be able to describe the state of international standards development
• Name and describe several successful and unsuccessful government applications and some of the controversies surrounding them.